Reference Style

(APA 7th Edition – Extended Sample Style for Authors)

General Formatting Rules

  • References must be double-spaced throughout

  • Use a hanging indent of 0.5 in (1.27 cm) for each entry

  • Entries must be listed in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author

  • Use sentence case for titles of articles, books, and chapters

  • Use title case and italics for journal titles

  • Include DOIs in URL format when available

  • URLs should be live and clickable

  • Do not include retrieval dates unless content is designed to change

Journal Articles

One Author

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the article in sentence case. Title of the Journal in Title Case and Italics, volume number(issue number), page range. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Two Authors

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article in sentence case. Title of the Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Three or More Authors

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the article in sentence case. Title of the Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Advance Online Publication

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Books

Authored Book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book in italics and sentence case. Publisher.

Edited Book

Editor, E. E. (Ed.). (Year). Title of the edited book in italics. Publisher.

Book with Edition

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book (xth ed.). Publisher.

Translated Book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book (T. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published Year)

Chapters in Edited Books

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter in sentence case. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book in italics (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Conference Proceedings and Papers

Published Proceedings

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of paper in sentence case. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of proceedings in italics (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Unpublished Conference Presentation

Author, A. A. (Year, Month). Title of presentation in sentence case [Conference presentation]. Name of Conference, Location.

Theses and Dissertations

Published Dissertation or Thesis

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation or thesis in italics (Publication No. xxxx) [Doctoral dissertation or Master’s thesis, Institution Name]. Database Name. URL

Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation or thesis in italics [Doctoral dissertation or Master’s thesis, Institution Name]. Repository URL

Reports and Grey Literature

Government or Organizational Report

Organization Name. (Year). Title of report in italics (Report No. xxx). Publisher. URL

Authored Report

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of report in italics. Organization Name. URL

Websites and Online Content

Webpage on an Organization Website

Organization Name. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage in sentence case. Site Name. URL

Webpage with Individual Author

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage in sentence case. Site Name. URL

Data Sets

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dataset in italics (Version) [Data set]. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Software and Mobile Applications

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of software or app in italics (Version) [Software]. Publisher. URL

Audio-Visual Media

Video

Author, A. A. [Username]. (Year, Month Day). Title of video in italics [Video]. Platform Name. URL

Podcast Episode

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of episode in sentence case (Episode No.) [Audio podcast episode]. In Title of podcast in italics. Publisher. URL

Legal Materials

Court Case

Case Name v. Case Name, Volume Source Page (Court Year).

Statute

Title of Act, Source § Section Number (Year).

Notes for Authors

  • Use et al. only in in-text citations, not in reference lists

  • Journal titles must not be abbreviated

  • Ensure consistency in punctuation, capitalization, and italics

  • Authors are responsible for accuracy and completeness of references